参考视频
一、Spring Boot入门 1. Spring Boot简介
简化Spring应用开发的一个框架;
整个Spring技术栈的一个大整合;
J2EE开发的一站式解决方案;
2. 微服务 2014,Martin Fowler
微服务:架构风格
一个应用应该是一族小型服务;可以通过HTTP的方式进行互通;
单体应用:ALL IN ONE
微服务:每一个功能元素最终都是一个可独立替换和独立升级的软件单元;
详细参照微服务文档
环境约束
-jdk1.8
-maven3.x
-Intellij IDEA
-SpringBoot
3. 环境准备 3.1 MAVEN设置 给maven的settings.xml配置文件的profiles标签添加
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 <profile > <id > jdk-1.8</id > <activation > <activeByDefault > true</activeByDefault > <jdk > 1.8</jdk > </activation > <properties > <maven.compiler.source > 1.8</maven.compiler.source > <maven.compiler.target > 1.8</maven.compiler.target > <maven.compiler.compilerVersion > 1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion > </properties > </profile >
3.2 IDEA设置
4. Spring Boot HelloWorld 一个功能
浏览器发送hello请求,服务器接收请求处理,响应HelloWorld字符串;
4.1 创建一个maven工程;(jar) 4.2 导入springboot相关依赖 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
4.3 编写一个主程序,启动Spring Boot应用 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 @SpringBootApplication public class HelloWorldMainApplication { public static void main (String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class, args); } }
4.4 编写相关的controller、service 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 @Controller public class HelloController { @ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello () { return "hello world!" ; } }
4.5 运行主程序测试 4.6 简化部署 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 <build > <plugins > <plugin > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId > </plugin > </plugins > </build >
将这个应用打成jar包,直接使用java -jar的命令进行执行
5. Hello World探究 5.1 POM文件 5.1.1 父项目 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> 他的父项目是: <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId> <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version> <relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath> </parent> 他来真正管理Spring Boot应用里面的所有依赖版本
Spring Boot的版本仲裁中心;
以后我们导入依赖默认是不需要写版本的;(没有在dependencies里面管理的依赖自然需要声明版本号)
5.1.2 启动器 1 2 3 4 5 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId > </dependency >
spring-boot-starter -==web==
spring-boot-starter:spring-boot场景启动器;帮我们导入了web模块征程运行所依赖的组件;
Spring Boot将所有的功能场景都抽取出来,做成一个个starters(启动器),只需要在项目里引入这些starter,相关场景的所有依赖都会导入进来。要用什么功能就导入什么场景的启动器。
5.2 主程序类,主入口类 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 @SpringBootApplication public class HelloWorldMainApplication { public static void main (String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class, args); } }
@SpringBootApplication :Spring Boot应用标注在某个类上说明这个类是SpringBoot的主配置类,SpringBoot
就应该运行这个类的main方法来启动SpringBoot应用;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 @Target({ElementType.TYPE}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @SpringBootConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration @ComponentScan( excludeFilters = {@Filter( type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class} ), @Filter( type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class} )} ) public @interface SpringBootApplication {}
@SpringBootConfiguration :Spring Boot的配置类;
标注在某个类上,表示这是一个Spring Boot的配置类
@Configuration :配置类上标注这个注解;
配置类 —— 配置文件;配置类也是容器中的一个组件;@Component
@EnableAutoConfiguration :开启自动配置功能
以前我们需要配置的东西,Spring Boot帮我们自动配置;@EnableAutoConfiguration告诉SpringBoot开启 自动配置功能;这样自动配置才能生效。
1 2 3 4 5 6 @AutoConfigurationPackage @Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class}) public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {}
@AutoConfigurationPackage :自动配置包
@Import ({Registrar.class});
spring的底层注解@import,给容器中导入一个组件;导入的组件由Registrar.class;
==将主配置类(@SpringBootApplication标注的类)的所在包及下面所有子包里面的所有组件扫描到spring容器;==
@Import ({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class});
给容器中导入组件?
AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class:导入哪些组件的选择器;
将所有需要导入的组件以全类名的方式返回;这些组件就会被添加到容器中;
会给容器中导入非常多的自动配置类(xxxAutoConfiguration);就是给容器中导入这个场景需要的所有组件,并配置好这些组件。
有了自动配置类,免去了我们手动编写配置注入功能组件等工作;
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(EnableAutoConfiguration.class, classLoader);
==SpringBoot在启动的时候,从类路径下的META-INF/spring.factories中获取EnableAutoConfiguration指定的值,将这些值作为自动配置类导入到容器中,自动配置类就生效,帮我们进行自动配置工作;==以前我们需要自己配置的东西,自动帮我们配置了;
J2EE的整体整合解决方案和自动配置都在spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.2.5.RELEASE.jar中;
6. 使用Spring Initializer快速穿建Spring Boot项目 IDE都支持使用Spring的项目穿建向导快速穿建一个Spring Boot项目;
选择我们需要的模块;向导会联网创建Spring Boot项目;
默认生成的Spring Boot项目;
主程序已经生成好了,我们只需要写自己的逻辑
resources文件夹中的目录结构
static:保存所有的静态资源;css js image
templates:保存所有的模板页面;(spring boot默认jar包使用嵌入式的tomcat,默认不支持JSP页面);可以使用模板引擎(freemarker、thymeleaf)
application.properties:Spring Boot应用的配置文件,可以修改一些默认配置
二、配置文件 1. 配置文件 SpringBoot使用一个全局配置文件,配置文件名是固定的;
application.properties
application.yml
配置文件的作用:修改springboot自动配置的默认值;springboot在底层都给我们配置好了;
YAML(YAML Ain’t Markup Language)
YAML A Markup Language:是一个标记语言
YAML isn’t Markup Language:不是一个标记语言
标记语言:
以前的配置文件,大多都使用xxx.xml文件;
YAML:==以数据为中心==,比json、xml等更适合做配置文件;
YAML:配置列子
XML:
1 2 3 4 <server > <port > 8081</port > </server >
2. YAML语法 2.1 基本语法 k:(空格)v:表示一对键值对(空格必须有);
以空格的缩进来控制层级关系;只要是左对齐的一列数据,都是同一层级的
1 2 3 server: port: 8081 path: /hello
属性和值也是大小写没敢;
2.2 值的写法 字面量:普通的值(数字,字符串,布尔) k: v:字面量直接来写;
字符串默认不用加上单引号或者双引号;
“”:双引号:不会转义字符串里面的特殊字符;特殊字符会作为本身想表达的意思
name: “zhangsan \n lisi” 输出:zhangsan 换行 lisi
‘’:单引号:会转义特殊字符,
name: “zhangsan \n lisi” 输出:zhangsan \n lisi
对象、Map(属性和值)(键值对) k: v:在下一行来写对象的属性和值的关系;注意缩进
对象还是k: v的方式
1 2 3 friends: name: zhansan age: 20
行内写法:
1 friends: { name: zhansan ,age: 20 }
数组(List、Set) 用- 值表示数组中的一个元素
1 2 3 4 pets: - cat - dog - pig
行内写法:
3. 配置文件值注入 配置文件:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 person: lastName: zhangsan age: 20 boss: false birth: 2000 /1/1 maps: { k1: v1 ,k2: 12 } lists: - lisi - zhaoliu dog: name: gou age: 1
javabean:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 @Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person") public class Person { private String lastName; private Integer age; private Boolean boss; private Date birth; private Map<String, Object> maps; private List<Object> lists; private Dog dog; }
我们可以导入配置文件处理器,以后编写配置就有提示了
1 2 3 4 5 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId > </dependency >
3.1 properties配置文件在idea中默认utf-8可能会乱码
3.2 @value获取值和@ConfigurationProperties获取值比较
@ConfigurationProperties
@value
功能
批量注入配置文件中的属性
一个个指定
松散绑定(松散语法)
支持
不支持
SpEL
不支持
支持
JSR303数据校验
支持
不支持
复杂类型封装
支持
不支持
配置文件yml还是properties他们都能获取到值;
如果说,我们只是在某个业务逻辑中需要获取一下配置文件中的某项值,使用@Value;
如果说,我们专门编写了一个javaBean来和配置文件进行映射,我们就直接使用@ConfigurationProperties;
3.3 配置文件注入值数据校验 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 @Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person") @Validated public class Person { @Email private String lastName; private Integer age; private Boolean boss; private Date birth; private Map<String, Object> maps; private List<Object> lists; private Dog dog; }
3.4 @PropertySource&@ImportResource @PropertySource :加载指定配置文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 @PropertySource(value = {"classpath:person.properties"}) @Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person") public class Person { private String lastName; private Integer age; private Boolean boss; }
@ImportResource :导入spring的配置文件,让配置文件里面的内容生效;
Spring Boot里面没有spring的配置文件,我们自己编写的配置文件,也不能自动识别;
想让spring的配置文件生效,加载进来;@ImportResource 标注在一个配置类上
1 2 3 4 5 @ImportResource(locations = "classpath:beans.xml") public class C {}
不来编写Spring的配置文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="helloService" class="com.study.springboot.service.HelloService"/> </beans>
SpringBoot推荐给容器中添加组件的方式;推荐使用全注解的方式
1、配置类 ==== Spring配置文件
2、使用@Bean给容器添加组件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 @Configuration public class MyAppConfig { @Bean public HelloService helloService02 () { System.out.println("配置类@Bean组件添加成功" ); return new HelloService (); } }
4. 配置文件占位符 4.1 随机数 1 2 random.value、{random.int}、${random.long} random.int(10)、{random.int[1024, 65536]}
4.2 占位符获取之前配置的值,如果没有可以用:指定默认值 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 person.last-name =张三${random.uuid} person.age =${random.int(28)} person.birth =1999/1/1 person.boss =true person.maps.k1 =v1 person.maps.k2 =22 person.lists =a,b,c person.dog.name =${person.hello:hello}_dog person.dog.age =3
5. Profile 5.1 多profile文件 我们在主配置文件编写的时候,文件名可以是 application-{profile}.properties/yml
默认使用application.properties
5.2 yml支持多文档块方式 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 server: port: 8081 spring: profiles: active: dev --- server: port: 8083 spring: profiles: dev --- server: port: 8084 spring: profiles: prod
5.3 激活指定profile
在配置文件中指定 spring.profiles.active=dev
命令行:
1 2 java -jar spring-boot-01-helloworld-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.profiles.active=dev
虚拟机参数;
1 -Dspring.profiles.active=dev
6. 配置文件加载位置 springboot启动会自动扫描一下位置的application.xml或者application.yml文件作为Springboot的默认配置文件
-file: ./config/
-file: ./
-classpath: ./config/
-classpath: ./
优先级由高到低,高优先级的配置会覆盖低优先级的配置;
SpringBoot会从这四个位置全部加载主配置文件;互补配置 ;
==我们还可以通过spring.config.location来改变默认的配置文件的位置==
**项目打包号以后,我们可以使用命令行参数的形式,启动项目的时候来指定配置文件的新位置;指定配置文件和默认加载的这些配置文件共同起作用形成互补配置; **
7. 外部配置加载顺序 **SpringBoot也可以从以下位置加载配置;优先级从高到低;高优先级的配置覆盖低优先级的配置,所有的配置会形成互补配置; **
命令行参数
1 java -jar spring-boot-01-helloworld-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar --server.port=8082 --server.context-path=/abc
来自:java:comp/env的JNDI属性
Java系统属性(System.getProperties())
操作系统环境变量
RandomValuePropertySource配置的random.*属性值
**jar包外部的application-{profile}.properties或application-{profile}.yml(带spring.profile)配置文件 **
**jar包内部的application-{profile}.properties或application-{profile}.yml(带spring.profile)配置文件 **
jar包外部的application.properties或application.yml(不带spring.profile)配置文件
jar包内部的application.properties或application.yml(不带spring.profile)配置文件
@Configuration注解上的@PropertySource
通过SpringApplication.setDefaultProperties指定的默认属性
所有支持的配置加载来源,参考官方文档
8. 自动配置原理 配置文件到底能写什么?怎么写?自动配置原理;
配置文件能配置的属性参照
8.1 自动配置原理 1)springboot启动的时候加载主配置类,开启了自动配置功能==@EnableAutoConfiguration==
2)@EnableAutoConfiguration作用:
利用AutoConfigurationImportSelector给容器中导入一些组件?
可以查找selectImports()方法的内容;
List configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes) ;获取候选的配置
1 2 3 4 SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames() 扫描所有jar包类路径下 META-INF/spring.factories 把扫描到的这些文件的内容包装成properties对象 从properties中获取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class类(类名)对应的值,然后把他们添加到容器中
**==将类路径下META-INF/spring.factories里面配置的所有EnableAutoConfiguration的值加入到了容器中;== **
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration =\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudServiceConnectorsAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveRestClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.rest.RestClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketRequesterAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketServerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketStrategiesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.rsocket.RSocketSecurityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.saml2.Saml2RelyingPartyAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration
每一个这样的 xxxAutoConfiguration类都是容器中的一个组件,都加入到容器中;用他们来自动配置;
3)每一个自动配置类进行自动配置功能;
4)以HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(Http编码自动配置) 为例解释自动配置原理;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpProperties.class) @ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = ConditionalOnWebApplication.Type.SERVLET) @ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.http.encoding", value = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true) public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration { private final HttpProperties.Encoding properties; public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration (HttpProperties properties) { this .properties = properties.getEncoding(); } @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter () { CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter (); filter.setEncoding(this .properties.getCharset().name()); filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this .properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST)); filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this .properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE)); return filter; } }
根据当前不同的条件判断,决定这个配置类是否生效?
一旦这个配置类生效;这个配置类就会给容器中添加各种组件;这些组件的属性是从对应的properties类中获取的,这些类里面的每一个属性又是和配置文件绑定的;
5)所有在配置文件中能配置的属性都是在xxxxProperties类中封装着;配置文件能配什么就可以参照某个功能对应的这个属性类
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.http") public class HttpProperties { private boolean logRequestDetails; private final Encoding encoding = new Encoding (); public boolean isLogRequestDetails () { return this .logRequestDetails; } public void setLogRequestDetails (boolean logRequestDetails) { this .logRequestDetails = logRequestDetails; } public Encoding getEncoding () { return this .encoding; } public static class Encoding { public static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = StandardCharsets.UTF_8; } }
精髓:
1)SpringBoot启动会加载大量的自动配置类
2)看我们需要的功能有没有SpringBoot默认写好的自动配置类;
3)我们再来看这个自动配置类中到底配置了哪些组件;(只要我们要用的组件有,我们就不需要再来配置了)
**4)给容器中自动配置类添加组件的时候,会从properties类中获取某些属性。我们就可以在配置文件中指定这些属性的值; **
xxxAutoConfiguration:自动配置类;
给容器中添加组件
xxxProperties:封装配置文件中相关属性;
8.2 细节 8.2.1 @Conditional派生注解(Spring注解版原生的@Conditional作用) 作用:必须是@Conditional指定的条件成立,才给容器中添加组件,配置里面的所有内容才生效;
@Conditional注解扩展
作用(判断是否满足当前指定条件)
@ConditionalOnJava
系统的java版本是否符合要求
@ConditionalOnBean
容器中存在指定Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
容器中不存在指定Bean
@ConditionalOnExpression
满足SpEL表达式
@ConditionalOnClass
系统中有指定的类
@ConditionalOnMisssingClass
系统中没有指定的类
@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate
容器中只有一个指定的Bean,或者这个Bean是首选Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty
系统中指定的属性是否有指定的值
@ConditionalOnResource
类路径下是否存在指定资源文件
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
当前是Web环境
@ConditionalOnNotWebApplication
当前不是Web环境
@ConditionalOnJndi
JNDI存在指定项
自动配置类必须在一定条件下才能生效;
我们怎么知道哪些自动配置类生效?
可以通过启动 debug=true属性,来让控制台打印自动配置报告;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ============================ CONDITIONS EVALUATION REPORT ============================ Positive matches:(自动配置类启用的) ----------------- AopAutoConfiguration matched: - @ConditionalOnProperty (spring.aop.auto=true) matched (OnPropertyCondition) AopAutoConfiguration.ClassProxyingConfiguration matched: - @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find unwanted class 'org.aspectj.weaver.Advice' (OnClassCondition) - @ConditionalOnProperty (spring.aop.proxy-target-class=true) matched (OnPropertyCondition) Negative matches:(没有启用,没有匹配成功的自动配置类) ----------------- ActiveMQAutoConfiguration: Did not match: - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required class 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition)
三、日志 1. 日志框架 小张,开发一个大型系统;
1、System.out.println(“”);将关键数据打印在控制台;去掉?写在一个文件?
2、框架来记录系统的一些运行时信息;日志框架;zhanglogging.jar;
3、高大上的几个功能?异步模式?自动归档?xxx?zhanglogging-good.jar?
4、将以前框架卸下?换上新的框架,重新修改之前相关的API;zhanglogging-perfect.jar;
5、JDBC—数据库驱动;
写了一个统一的接口层;日志门面(日志的一个抽象层);logging-abstract.jar;
给项目中导入具体的日志实现就行了;我们之前的日志框架都是实现的抽象层;
市面上的日志框架;
JUL、JCL、Jboss-logging、logback、log4j、log4j2、slf4j……
日志门面(日志的抽象层)
日志实现
JCL(Jakarta Commons Logging) SLF4j(Simple Logging Facade for Java) Jboss-logging
Log4j JUL(JAVA.UTIL.LOGGING) Log4j2 Logback
左边选一个门面(抽象层),右边来选一个实现;
日志门面:SLF4j;
日志实现:Logback;
SpringBoot:底层是Spring框架,Spring框架默认是JCL;
SpringBoot选用SLF4j和LogBack;
2. SEL4j使用 2.1 如何在系统中使用SLF4j 以后开发的时候,日志记录方法的调用,不应该直接调用日志的实现类,而是调用日志抽象层里面的方法;
给系统里面导入slf4j的jar和 logback的实现jar
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;public class HelloWorld { public static void main (String[] args) { Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorld.class); logger.info("Hello World" ); } }
图示:
每一个日志的实现框架都有自己的配置文件。使用slf4j以后,**配置文件还是做成日志实现框架自己本身的配置文件; **
2.2 遗留问题 a(slf4j+logback):Spring(commons-logging)、Hibernate(Jboss-logging)、Mybatis、xxxx
统一日志,即使是别的框架和我一起统一使用slf4j进行输出?
如何让系统中所有的日志统一到slf4j;
==1、将系统中其他日志框架先排除出去;==
==2、用中间包来替换缘由的日志框架;==
==3、我们导入slf4j其他的实现;==
2.3 SpringBoot日志关系 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter</artifactId > <version > 2.2.5.RELEASE</version > <scope > compile</scope > </dependency >
SpringBoot使用它来做日志功能
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId > <version > 2.2.5.RELEASE</version > <scope > compile</scope > </dependency >
底层依赖关系
总结:
1)SpringBoot底层也是使用slf4j+logback的方式进行日志记录
2)SpringBoot也把其他的日志都替换成了slf4j
3)中间替换包?
4)如果我们要引入其他框架?一定要把这个框架的默认日志依赖移除掉?
2.4 日志使用 2.4.1 默认配置 SpringBoot默认配置好了日志;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 public class Test { Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass()); @Test void contextLoads () { logger.trace("trace log ..." ); logger.debug("debug log ..." ); logger.info("info log ..." ); logger.warn("warn log ..." ); logger.error("error log ..." ); } }
日志文件格式:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 日志输出格式: %d表示日期时间, %thread表示线程名, %-5level:级别从左显示5个字符宽度 %logger{50} 表示logger名字最长50个字符,否则按照句点分割。 %msg:日志消息, %n是换行符 %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n
SpringBoot修改日志的默认配置
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 logging.level.com.study =trace logging.file.path =/spring/log logging.pattern.console =%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n logging.pattern.file =%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n
2.4.2 指定配置 给类路径下放上每个日志框架自己的配置文件即可;SpringBoot就不使用他默认配置的了
Logging System
Customization
Logback
logback-spring.xml, logback-spring.groovy, logback.xml, or logback.groovy
Log4j2
log4j2-spring.xml or log4j2.xml
JDK (Java Util Logging)
logging.properties
logback.xml:直接就被日志框架识别了;
logback-spring.xml:日志框架就不直接加载日志的配置项,由SpringBoot解析日志配置,可以使用springboot的高级profile功能
1 2 3 4 5 <springProfile name ="staging" > 可以指定某段配置只在某个环境下生效 </springProfile >
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 <appender name ="CONSOLE" class ="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender" > <springProfile name ="dev" > <pattern > %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern > </springProfile > <springProfile name ="!dev" > <pattern > %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} === [%thread] === %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern > </springProfile > </appender >
2.5 日志框架切换 切换为log4j2:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2</artifactId> </dependency>
四、Web开发 1. 简介 使用Spring Boot;
1)创建SpringBoot应用,选中我们需要的模块;
2)SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来;
3)自己编写业务代码;
自动配置原理?
这个场景SpringBoot帮我们配置了什么?能不能修改?能修改哪些配置?能不能扩展?xxx
1 2 xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件 xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容
2. SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则 1 2 3 4 5 @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false) public class ResourceProperties { }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 public class TT { @Override public void addResourceHandlers (ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { if (!this .resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) { logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled" ); return ; } Duration cachePeriod = this .resourceProperties.getCache().getPeriod(); CacheControl cacheControl = this .resourceProperties.getCache().getCachecontrol() .toHttpCacheControl(); if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**" )) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**" ) .addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/" ) .setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl)); } String staticPathPattern = this .mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern(); if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern) .addResourceLocations( getResourceLocations(this .resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())) .setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl)); } } @Bean public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping ( ApplicationContext applicationContext, FormattingConversionService mvcConversionService, ResourceUrlProvider mvcResourceUrlProvider) { WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping = new WelcomePageHandlerMapping ( new TemplateAvailabilityProviders (applicationContext), applicationContext, getWelcomePage(), this .mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern()); welcomePageHandlerMapping.setInterceptors( getInterceptors(mvcConversionService, mvcResourceUrlProvider)); return welcomePageHandlerMapping; } }
1)所有 /webjars/**,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源
webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源;
https://www.webjars.org/
localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.js
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <dependency > <groupId > org.webjars</groupId > <artifactId > jquery</artifactId > <version > 3.4.1</version > </dependency >
2)“/**”访问当前项目的任何资源,(静态资源的文件夹)
1 2 3 4 5 "classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" , "/":当前项目的根路径
localhost:8080/abc === 去静态资源文件夹里面找abc
3)欢迎页;静态资源文件夹下面的所有index.html页面;被”/**”映射;
localhost:8080/ 找index页面
3. 模板引擎 JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf
SpringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf;
语法更简单,功能更强大;
3.1 引入Thymeleaf 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency> <!--切换thymeleaf版本--> <properties> <thymeleaf.version>3.0.11.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version> <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.4.1</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version> </properties>
3.2 Thymeleaf使用&语法 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf") public class ThymeleafProperties { private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = StandardCharsets.UTF_8; public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/" ; public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html" ; private boolean checkTemplate = true ; }
只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染
1、导入themeleaf的名称空间
1 2 <html lang ="en" xmlns:th ="http://www.thymeleaf.org" >
2、使用themeleaf语法
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 <!DOCTYPE html > <html lang ="en" xmlns:th ="http://www.thymeleaf.org" > <head > <meta charset ="UTF-8" > <title > Title</title > </head > <body > <h1 > success</h1 > <div th:text ="${hello}" > </div > </body > </html >
3.3 语法规则 1)th:text;改变当前元素的文本规则;
th:任意html属性;来替换原生属性的值
2)表达式?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 Simple expressions: (表达式语法) Variable Expressions: ${...} :获取变量值;OGNL 1)获取对象属性、调用方法 2)使用内置的基本对象 #ctx : the context object. #vars: the context variables. #locale : the context locale. #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object. #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object. #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object. #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object. ${session.foo} 3)内置的一些工具对象: #execInfo : information about the template being processed. #messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax. #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs #dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc. #calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects. #numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects. #strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc. #objects : methods for objects in general. #bools : methods for boolean evaluation. #arrays : methods for arrays. #lists : methods for lists. #sets : methods for sets. #maps : methods for maps. #aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections. #ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration). Selection Variable Expressions: *{...} :选择表达式:功能上和${}是一样的 补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}" <div th:object="${session.user}"> <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p> <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p> <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p> </div> Message Expressions: #{...} :获取国际化内容 Link URL Expressions: @{...} :定义URL @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')} Fragment Expressions: ~{...} :片段引用表达式 <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div> Literals(字面量) Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,… Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,… Boolean literals: true , false Null literal: null Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,… Text operations:(文本操作) String concatenation: + Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}| Arithmetic operations:(数学运算) Binary operators: + , - , * , / , % Minus sign (unary operator): - Boolean operations:(布尔运算) Binary operators: and , or Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not Comparisons and equality:(比较运算) Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le ) Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne ) Conditional operators:(条件运算、三元运算) If-then: (if) ? (then) If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else) Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue) Special tokens: Page 17 of 106No-Operation: _
4. SpringMVC自动配置 官方文档
4.1 Spring MVC Auto-configuration Spring Boot 自动配置好了SpringMVC
以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认:
Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.
自动配置了ViewResolver( 视图解析器:根据方法的返回值得到视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何渲染(转发?重定向?))
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:组合所有的视图解析器;
如何定制:==我们可以自己给容器中添加一个视图解析器;自动的将其组合进来;==
Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars ( covered later in this document ). 静态资源文件夹路径和webjars
自动注册了 of Converter, GenericConverter, and Formatter beans.
Converter:转换器;public String hello(User);类型转换使用Converter
Formatter:格式化器;2020-3-3 === Date;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 @Bean @Override public FormattingConversionService mvcConversionService() { WebConversionService conversionService = new WebConversionService(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat()); addFormatters(conversionService); return conversionService; } //日期格式化规则
==自己添加的格式化转换器,我们只需要放在容器中即可==
Support for HttpMessageConverters ( covered later in this document ).
HttpMessageConverters:SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的;User — json
HttpMessageConverters是从容器中确定的;获取所有的HttpMessageConverters;
==自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverters,只需要将自己的组件注册容器中(@Bean, @Component)==
Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver ( covered later in this document ). 定义错误代码生成规则
Static index.html support. 静态首页访问
Custom Favicon support ( covered later in this document ). favicon.ico
Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean ( covered later in this document ).
==我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的;==
1 2 初始化WebDataBinder 请求数据===JavaBean
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web;web的所有自动配置场景
If you want to keep those Spring Boot MVC customizations and make more MVC customizations ( interceptors, formatters, view controllers, and other features), you can add your own @Configuration class of type WebMvcConfigurer but without @EnableWebMvc.
If you want to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter, or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver, and still keep the Spring Boot MVC customizations, you can declare a bean of type WebMvcRegistrations and use it to provide custom instances of those components.
If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with @EnableWebMvc, or alternatively add your own @Configuration -annotated DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration as described in the Javadoc of @EnableWebMvc.
4.2 扩展SpringMVC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/> <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/> <bean></bean> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>
==编写一个配置类(@Configuration),是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类型;不能标注(@EnableWebMvc)==
既保留了所有的自动配置,也能用我们扩展的配置;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 @Configuration public class MyMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { @Override public void addViewControllers (ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/study" ).setViewName("success" ); } }
原理:
1)WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自动配置类
2)在做其他自动配置时会导入;@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration implements ResourceLoaderAware { private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite (); @Autowired(required = false) public void setConfigurers (List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) { if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) { this .configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers); } } }
3)容器中所有的WebMvcConfiguration都会一起起作用;
4)我们的配置也会被调用
效果:SpringMVC的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用;
4.3 全面接管SpringMVC SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要了,所有都是我们自己配;所有的SpringMVC的自动配置都失效了
我们需要在配置类中添加@EnableWebMvc即可;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 @EnableWebMvc @Configuration public class MyMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { @Override public void addViewControllers (ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/study" ).setViewName("success" ); } }
原理:
为什么@EnableWebMvc自动配置就失效了;
1)EnableWebMvc的核心
1 2 3 4 5 @Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class) public @interface EnableWebMvc {}
2)
1 2 3 4 5 @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {}
3)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET) @ConditionalOnClass({Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurer.class}) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class) @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10) @AutoConfigureAfter({DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class, ValidationAutoConfiguration.class}) public class XxConfig {}
4)@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来了;
5)导入到的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能;
5. 如何修改SpringBoot的默认配置 模式:
1)SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户自己配置的(@Bean、@Component)如果有就用用户配置的,如果没有,才自动配置;如果某些组件可以有多个(ViewResolver)将用户配置的和自己默认的组合起来;
2)在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置;
3)在SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行配置;
6. RestfulCRUD 6.1 默认访问首页 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 @Configuration public class MyMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { @Override public void addViewControllers (ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/study" ).setViewName("success" ); } @Bean public WebMvcConfigurer webMvcConfigurer () { WebMvcConfigurer mvcConfigurer = new WebMvcConfigurer () { @Override public void addViewControllers (ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/" ).setViewName("login" ); registry.addViewController("/index.html" ).setViewName("login" ); } }; return mvcConfigurer; } }
6.2 国际化 1)编写国际化配置文件
2)使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理国际化资源文件
3)在页面使用fmt:message去除国际化内容
步骤:
1)编写国际化配置文件,抽取页面需要显示的国际化消息
2)SpringBoot自动配置好了管理国际化资源文件的组件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 @EnableConfigurationProperties public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration { private static final Resource[] NO_RESOURCES = {}; @Bean @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages") public MessageSourceProperties messageSourceProperties () { return new MessageSourceProperties (); } @Bean public MessageSource messageSource (MessageSourceProperties properties) { ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource (); if (StringUtils.hasText(properties.getBasename())) { messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils .commaDelimitedListToStringArray( StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(properties.getBasename()))); } if (properties.getEncoding() != null ) { messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(properties.getEncoding().name()); } messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(properties.isFallbackToSystemLocale()); Duration cacheDuration = properties.getCacheDuration(); if (cacheDuration != null ) { messageSource.setCacheMillis(cacheDuration.toMillis()); } messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(properties.isAlwaysUseMessageFormat()); messageSource.setUseCodeAsDefaultMessage(properties.isUseCodeAsDefaultMessage()); return messageSource; } public class MessageSourceProperties { private String basename = "messages" ; } }
3)去页面获取国际化的值;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 <!DOCTYPE html > <html lang ="en" xmlns:th ="http://www.thymeleaf.org" > <head > <meta http-equiv ="Content-Type" content ="text/html; charset=UTF-8" > <meta name ="viewport" content ="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" > <meta name ="description" content ="" > <meta name ="author" content ="" > <title > Signin Template for Bootstrap</title > <link href ="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href ="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css}" rel ="stylesheet" > <link href ="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href ="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}" rel ="stylesheet" > </head > <body class ="text-center" > <form class ="form-signin" action ="dashboard.html" > <img class ="mb-4" src ="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" th:src ="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" alt ="" width ="72" height ="72" > <h1 class ="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text ="#{login.tip}" > Please sign in</h1 > <label class ="sr-only" > Username</label > <input type ="text" class ="form-control" placeholder ="Username" th:placeholder ="#{login.username}" required ="" autofocus ="" > <label class ="sr-only" > Password</label > <input type ="password" class ="form-control" th:placeholder ="#{login.password}" placeholder ="Password" required ="" > <div class ="checkbox mb-3" > <label > <input type ="checkbox" value ="remember-me" /> [[#{login.remember}]] </label > </div > <button class ="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type ="submit" th:text ="#{login.btn}" > Sign in </button > <p class ="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted" > © 2017-2018</p > <a class ="btn btn-sm" > 中文</a > <a class ="btn btn-sm" > English</a > </form > </body > </html >
效果:根据浏览器语言设置的信息切换了国际化
原理:
国际化Locale(区域信息对象)、LocaleReslover(获取区域信息对象)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 class Xx { @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale") public LocaleResolver localeResolver () { if (this .mvcProperties.getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) { return new FixedLocaleResolver (this .mvcProperties.getLocale()); } AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver (); localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this .mvcProperties.getLocale()); return localeResolver; } }
4)点击链接切换国际化
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver { @Override public Locale resolveLocale (HttpServletRequest request) { String l = request.getParameter("l" ); Locale locale = Locale.getDefault(); if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)) { String[] split = l.split("_" ); if (split != null && split.length > 1 ) { locale = new Locale (split[0 ], split[1 ]); } } return locale; } @Override public void setLocale (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale locale) { } }
6.3 登录 开发期间模板引擎页面修改以后,要实时生效
1)禁用模板引擎的缓存 spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
2)页面修改完成以后重新编译 Ctrl + F9
登录错误消息的显示
1 2 <p style ="color: red" th:text ="${msg}" th:if ="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}" />
6.4 拦截器进行登录检查 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { @Override public boolean preHandle (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser" ); if (user == null ) { request.setAttribute("msg" , "没有权限,请先登录" ); request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html" ).forward(request, response); return false ; } else { return true ; } } } public class Xx { @Bean public WebMvcConfigurer webMvcConfigurer () { WebMvcConfigurer mvcConfigurer = new WebMvcConfigurer () { @Override public void addViewControllers (ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/" ).setViewName("login" ); registry.addViewController("/index.html" ).setViewName("login" ); registry.addViewController("/main.html" ).setViewName("dashboard" ); } @Override public void addInterceptors (InterceptorRegistry registry) { registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor ()).addPathPatterns("/**" ) .excludePathPatterns("/" , "/index.html" , "/user/login" ) .excludePathPatterns("/webjars/**" , "/asserts/**" ); } }; return mvcConfigurer; } }
6.5 CRUD-员工列表 实验要求:
1)RestfulCRUD:CRUD满足Rest风格;
URI:/资源名称/资源标识 HTTP请求方式区分对资源CRUD操作
普通CRUD
RestfulCRUD
查询
getEmp
emp — GET
添加
addEmp?xxx
emp — POST
修改
updateEmp?id=xxx&xxx
emp/{id} — PUT
删除
deleteEmp?id=1
emp/{id} — DELETE
2)实验请求架构
请求URI
请求方式
查询所有员工
emps
GET
查询某个员工
emp/{id}
GET
添加页面
emp
GET
添加员工
emp
POST
来到修改页面(查出员工进行信息回显)
emp/{id}
GET
修改员工
emp/{id}
PUT
删除员工
emp/{id}
DELETE
3)员工列表
thymeleaf公共页面元素抽取
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1. 抽取公共片段 <div th:fragment ="copy" > © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </div > 2. 引入公共片段 <div th:insert ="~{footer :: copy}" > </div > ~{templatename::selector}:模板名::选择器 ~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片段名 3. 默认效果 insert的功能片段在div标签中 如果使用th:insert等属性引入,可以不写 ~{}; 行内写法可以加上 [[~{}]];[(~{})];
三种引入功能片段的th属性:
th:insert :将公共片段整个插入到声明的引用中
th:replace :将引入元素替换为公共片段
th:include :将被引入片段的内容包含进这个标签中
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 <footer th:fragment ="copy" > © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </footer > 引入方式 <body > ... <div th:insert ="footer :: copy" > </div > <div th:replace ="footer :: copy" > </div > <div th:include ="footer :: copy" > </div > </body > 效果 <body > ... <div > <footer > © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </footer > </div > <footer > © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </footer > <div > © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </div > </body
引入片段的时候传入参数
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 <nav class ="col-md-2 d-none d-md-block bg-light sidebar" id ="sidebar" > <div class ="sidebar-sticky" > <ul class ="nav flex-column" > <li class ="nav-item" > <a class ="nav-link active" th:class ="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}" href ="#" th:href ="@{/main.html}" > <svg xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width ="24" height ="24" viewBox ="0 0 24 24" fill ="none" stroke ="currentColor" stroke-width ="2" stroke-linecap ="round" stroke-linejoin ="round" class ="feather feather-home" > <path d ="M3 9l9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z" > </path > <polyline points ="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22" > </polyline > </svg > Dashboard <span class ="sr-only" > (current)</span > </a > </li > <div th:replace ="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')" > </div >
6.6 CRUD-员工添加 添加页面
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 <form > <div class ="form-group" > <label > LastName</label > <input type ="text" class ="form-control" placeholder ="zhangsan" > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > Email</label > <input type ="email" class ="form-control" placeholder ="zhangsan@atguigu.com" > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > Gender</label > <br /> <div class ="form-check form-check-inline" > <input class ="form-check-input" type ="radio" name ="gender" value ="1" > <label class ="form-check-label" > 男</label > </div > <div class ="form-check form-check-inline" > <input class ="form-check-input" type ="radio" name ="gender" value ="0" > <label class ="form-check-label" > 女</label > </div > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > department</label > <select class ="form-control" > <option > 1</option > <option > 2</option > <option > 3</option > <option > 4</option > <option > 5</option > </select > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > Birth</label > <input type ="text" class ="form-control" placeholder ="zhangsan" > </div > <button type ="submit" class ="btn btn-primary" > 添加</button > </form >
提交的数据格式不对:生日;日期
2020/1/1;2020-1-1;2020.1.1
日期格式化;SpringMVC将页面提交的值需要转换为指定的类型;
2020.1.1—Date;类型转换,格式化;
默认日期是按照/的方式;
6.7 CRUD-员工修改 修改添加二合一表单
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 <form th:action ="@{/emp}" method ="post" > <input type ="hidden" name ="_method" value ="put" th:if ="${emp!=null}" /> <input type ="hidden" name ="id" th:if ="${emp!=null}" th:value ="${emp.id}" > <div class ="form-group" > <label > LastName</label > <input name ="lastName" type ="text" class ="form-control" placeholder ="zhangsan" th:value ="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}" > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > Email</label > <input name ="email" type ="email" class ="form-control" placeholder ="zhangsan@atguigu.com" th:value ="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}" > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > Gender</label > <br /> <div class ="form-check form-check-inline" > <input class ="form-check-input" type ="radio" name ="gender" value ="1" th:checked ="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}" > <label class ="form-check-label" > 男</label > </div > <div class ="form-check form-check-inline" > <input class ="form-check-input" type ="radio" name ="gender" value ="0" th:checked ="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}" > <label class ="form-check-label" > 女</label > </div > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > department</label > <select class ="form-control" name ="department.id" > <option th:selected ="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}" th:value ="${dept.id}" th:each ="dept:${depts}" th:text ="${dept.departmentName}" > 1 </option > </select > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > Birth</label > <input name ="birth" type ="text" class ="form-control" placeholder ="zhangsan" th:value ="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}" > </div > <button type ="submit" class ="btn btn-primary" th:text ="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'" > 添加</button > </form >
6.8 CRUD-员工删除 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 <tr th:each ="emp:${emps}" > <td th:text ="${emp.id}" > </td > <td > [[${emp.lastName}]]</td > <td th:text ="${emp.email}" > </td > <td th:text ="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'" > </td > <td th:text ="${emp.department.departmentName}" > </td > <td th:text ="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}" > </td > <td > <a class ="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href ="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" > 编辑</a > <button th:attr ="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class ="btn btn-sm btn-danger deleteBtn" > 删除 </button > </td > </tr > <script > $(".deleteBtn" ).click (function ( ) { $("#deleteEmpForm" ).attr ("action" , $(this ).attr ("del_uri" )).submit (); return false ; }); </script >
高版本注意配置 spring.mvc.hiddenmethod.filter.enabled=true属性
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 public class Xx { @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.class) @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc.hiddenmethod.filter", name = "enabled", matchIfMissing = false) public OrderedHiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter () { return new OrderedHiddenHttpMethodFilter (); } }
7. 错误处理机制 7.1 SpringBoot默认的错误处理机制 默认效果:
1)返回一个默认的错误页面
浏览器发送请求的请求头:
2)如果是其他客户端,默认响应一个json数据
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 { "timestamp" : "2020-03-12T09:12:48.529+0000" , "status" : 404 , "error" : "Not Found" , "message" : "No message available" , "path" : "/crud/a" }
原理:
可以参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration;错误处理的自动配置;
给容器中添加了以下组件
1、DefaultErrorAttributes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 public class Xx { public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes (WebRequest webRequest, boolean includeStackTrace) { Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap (); errorAttributes.put("timestamp" , new Date ()); this .addStatus(errorAttributes, webRequest); this .addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, webRequest, includeStackTrace); this .addPath(errorAttributes, webRequest); return errorAttributes; } }
2、BasicErrorController;处理默认的/error请求
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 @Controller @RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}") public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorControlle { @RequestMapping(produces = MediaType.TEXT_HTML_VALUE) public ModelAndView errorHtml (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { HttpStatus status = getStatus(request); Map<String, Object> model = Collections .unmodifiableMap( getErrorAttributes(request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML))); response.setStatus(status.value()); ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model); return (modelAndView != null ) ? modelAndView : new ModelAndView ("error" , model); } @RequestMapping public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error (HttpServletRequest request) { HttpStatus status = getStatus(request); if (status == HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT) { return new ResponseEntity <>(status); } Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL)); return new ResponseEntity <>(body, status); } }
3、ErrorPageCustomizer
1 2 @Value("${error.path:/error}") private String path = "/error"; //系统出现错误以后来到error请求进行处理;web.xml注册的错误页面规则
4、DefaultErrorViewResolver
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 public class Xx { @Override public ModelAndView resolveErrorView (HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) { ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status.value()), model); if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) { modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model); } return modelAndView; } private ModelAndView resolve (String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) { String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName; TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this .templateAvailabilityProviders.getProvider( errorViewName, this .applicationContext); if (provider != null ) { return new ModelAndView (errorViewName, model); } return resolveResource(errorViewName, model); } }
步骤:
一旦系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误;ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则);就会来到/error请求;就会被BasicErrorController 处理;
1)响应页面;去哪个页面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver 解析得到的
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 public class Xx { protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) { for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this .errorViewResolvers) { ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model); if (modelAndView != null ) { return modelAndView; } } return null ; } }
7.2 如何定制错误响应 7.2.1 如何定制错误的页面; 1)有模板引擎的情况下; error/状态码;【将错误页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件里面的error文件夹下】,发生次状态码的错误就会来到 对应的页面;
我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先(优先寻找精确状态码的);
页面信息能获取的信息:
timestamp:时间戳
status:状态码
error:错误提示
exception:异常对象
message:异常消息
errors:JSR303数据校验的的错误
2)没有模板引擎(模板引擎下没有错误文件),静态资源文件夹下找
3)以上都没有,就是默认来到springboot默认的错误提示页面;
7.2.2 如何定制错误的json数据 1)自定义异常处理&返回json数据
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 @ControllerAdvice public class MyExceptionHandler { @ResponseBody @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class) public Map<String, Object> handlerException () { Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap <>(); map.put("code" , "user.not.exist" ); return map; } }
2)转发到/error进行自适应响应效果处理
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 public class Xx { @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class) public String handlerException (ExceptionHandler e, HttpServletRequest request) { request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code" , 400 ); Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap <>(); map.put("code" , "user.not.exist" ); return "forward:/error" ; } }
3)将我们的定制数据携带出去;
出现错误以后,会来到/error请求,会被BasicErrorController处理,响应出去可以获取的数据由getErrorAttributes() 得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)规定的方法);
1、完全来编写一个ErrorController的实现类【或者是编写AbstractErrorController的子类】,放到容器中;
2、页面上能用的数据,或者是json返回能用的数据都是通过errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到;
容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.errorAttributes()默认进行数据处理的;
自定义ErrorAttributes:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 @Component public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes { @Override public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes (WebRequest webRequest, boolean includeStackTrace) { Map<String, Object> map = super .getErrorAttributes(webRequest, includeStackTrace); map.put("user" , "hyr" ); return super .getErrorAttributes(webRequest, includeStackTrace); } }
最终的效果:响应是自适应的,可以通过定制ErrorAttributes改变需要返回的内容。
7.2.3 数据携带 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 public class Xx { @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class) public String handlerException (Exception e, HttpServletRequest request) { request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code" , 400 ); Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap <>(); map.put("code" , "user.not.exist" ); request.setAttribute("ext" , map); return "forward:/error" ; } @Override public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes (WebRequest webRequest, boolean includeStackTrace) { Map<String, Object> map = super .getErrorAttributes(webRequest, includeStackTrace); map.put("user" , "hyr" ); Map<String, Object> ext = (Map<String, Object>) webRequest.getAttribute("ext" , 0 ); map.put("ext" , ext); return map; } }
8. 配置嵌入式servlet容器 SpringBoot默认是用的嵌入式servlet容器(Tomcat);
问题?
8.1 如何定制和修改servlet容器的相关配置; 1、修改和server有关的配置(ServerProperties);
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 server.port =8081 server.servlet.context-path =/crud server.tomcat.uri-encoding =UTF-8 server.xxx =server.tomcat.xxx =
2、编写一个WebServerFactoryCustomizer:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器;来修改Servlet容器的配置;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 public class Xx { @Bean public WebServerFactoryCustomizer<ConfigurableWebServerFactory> webServerFactoryWebServerFactoryCustomizer () { return new WebServerFactoryCustomizer <ConfigurableWebServerFactory>() { @Override public void customize (ConfigurableWebServerFactory factory) { factory.setPort(8083 ); } }; } }
8.2 注册Servlet三大组件【Servlet、Filter、Listener】 由于SpringBoot默认是以jar包的方式启动嵌入式的Servlet容器来启动SpringBoot的web应用,没有web.xml文件。
注册三大组件用以下方式:
ServletRegistrationBean:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 public class Xx { @Bean public ServletRegistrationBean<Servlet> myServlet () { ServletRegistrationBean<Servlet> registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean <Servlet>( new MyServlet (), "/myServlet" ); return registrationBean; } }
FilterRegistrationBean:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 public class Xx { @Bean public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter () { FilterRegistrationBean<Filter> registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean <>(); registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter ()); registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello" , "/myServlet" )); return registrationBean; } }
ServletListenerRegistrationBean:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 public class Xx { @Bean public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener () { ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean <>( new MyListener ()); return registrationBean; } }
SpringBoot帮我们自动配置SpringMVC的时候,自动的注册SpringMVC的前段控制器;DispatcherServlet;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 public class Xx { @Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME) @ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME) public DispatcherServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration ( DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet, WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties, ObjectProvider<MultipartConfigElement> multipartConfig) { DispatcherServletRegistrationBean registration = new DispatcherServletRegistrationBean ( dispatcherServlet, webMvcProperties.getServlet().getPath()); registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME); registration.setLoadOnStartup(webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup()); multipartConfig.ifAvailable(registration::setMultipartConfig); return registration; } }
8.3 替换为其他嵌入式Servlet容器
默认支持:
Tomcat(默认使用)
1 2 3 4 5 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId > </dependency >
Jetty
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </dependency>
Undertow
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </dependency>
Netty
8.4 嵌入式Servlet容器自动配置原理 EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式servlet容器自动配置
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @ConditionalOnWebApplication @EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class) public class EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration { @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @ConditionalOnClass({Tomcat.class, UpgradeProtocol.class}) public static class TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizerConfiguration { @Bean public TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer tomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer ( Environment environment, ServerProperties serverProperties) { return new TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer (environment, serverProperties); } } }
8.5 嵌入式Servlet容器启动原理 什么时候创建嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂?什么时候获取嵌入式的Servlet容器并启动Tomcat;
获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:
1)SpringBoot应用启动运行run方法
2)refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【创建IOC容器对象,并初始化容器,创建容器中的每一个组件】;如果是web应用创建AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext ,否则:AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
3)refresh(context);刷新刚才创建好的ioc容器;
4)onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重写了onRefresh方法
5)webioc容器会创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;createEmbeddedServletContainer ();
6)获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
从ioc容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 组件;**TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory**创建对象,后置处理器一看是这个对象,就获取所有的定制器来先定制Servlet容器的相关配置;
7)使用容器工厂获取嵌入式的Servlet容器**:this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());
8)嵌入式的Servlet容器创建对象并启动Servlet容器;
先启动嵌入式的Servlet容器,再将ioc容器中剩下没有创建出的对象获取出来;
==IOC容器启动创建嵌入式的Servlet容器==
9. 使用外置的servlet容器 嵌入式Servlet容器:jar
优点:简单,便携;
缺点:默认不支持JSP、优化定制比较复杂(使用定制器【ServerProperties、自定义】,自己编写嵌入式Servlet容器的创建工厂);
外置的Servlet容器:外面安装Tomcat—应用war包的方式打包;
9.1 步骤 1)必须创建一个war项目;(利用idea创建好目录结构)
2)将嵌入式的Tomcat指定为provided;
1 2 3 4 5 6 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId > <scope > provided</scope > </dependency >
3)必须编写一个SpringBootServletInitializer 的子类,并调用configure方法
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer { @Override protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure (SpringApplicationBuilder application) { return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class); } }
4)启动服务器就可以使用;
9.2 原理 jar包:执行SpringBoot主类的main方法,启动ioc容器,创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;
war包:启动服务器,服务器启动SpringBoot应用 【SpringBootServletInitializer】,启动ioc容器;
servlet3.0(Spring注解版):
8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:
规则:
服务器启动(web应用启动)会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer实例;
ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,内容就是ServletContainerInitializer的实现类的全类名;
还可以使用@HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载我们感兴趣的类;
流程:
启动Tomcat
org\springframework\spring-web\5.2.4.RELEASE\spring-web-5.2.4.RELEASE.jar! \META-INF\services\javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer: Spring的web模块里面有这个文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer
SpringServletContainerInitializer将@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class) 标注的所有这个类型的类都传入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>;为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例;
每一个WebApplicationInitializer都调用自己的onStartup;
相当于我们的SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象,并执行onStartup方法;
SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext;创建容器;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 public class Xx { protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext (ServletContext servletContext) { SpringApplicationBuilder builder = this .createSpringApplicationBuilder(); builder.main(this .getClass()); ApplicationContext parent = this .getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext); if (parent != null ) { this .logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent)." ); servletContext.setAttribute( WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, (Object) null ); builder.initializers(new ApplicationContextInitializer []{ new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer (parent)}); } builder.initializers(new ApplicationContextInitializer []{ new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer (servletContext)}); builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext.class); builder = this .configure(builder); builder.listeners(new ApplicationListener []{ new SpringBootServletInitializer .WebEnvironmentPropertySourceInitializer( servletContext)}); SpringApplication application = builder.build(); if (application.getAllSources().isEmpty() && MergedAnnotations.from(this .getClass(), SearchStrategy.TYPE_HIERARCHY).isPresent(Configuration.class)) { application.addPrimarySources(Collections.singleton(this .getClass())); } Assert.state(!application.getAllSources().isEmpty(), "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the configure method or add an @Configuration annotation" ); if (this .registerErrorPageFilter) { application.addPrimarySources( Collections.singleton(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class)); } return this .run(application); } }
7)Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 public class Xx { public ConfigurableApplicationContext run (String... args) { StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch (); stopWatch.start(); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null ; Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList (); this .configureHeadlessProperty(); SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = this .getRunListeners(args); listeners.starting(); Collection exceptionReporters; try { ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments (args); ConfigurableEnvironment environment = this .prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments); this .configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment); Banner printedBanner = this .printBanner(environment); context = this .createApplicationContext(); exceptionReporters = this .getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class, new Class []{ConfigurableApplicationContext.class}, context); this .prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner); this .refreshContext(context); this .afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments); stopWatch.stop(); if (this .logStartupInfo) { (new StartupInfoLogger (this .mainApplicationClass)).logStarted( this .getApplicationLog(), stopWatch); } listeners.started(context); this .callRunners(context, applicationArguments); } catch (Throwable var10) { this .handleRunFailure(context, var10, exceptionReporters, listeners); throw new IllegalStateException (var10); } try { listeners.running(context); return context; } catch (Throwable var9) { this .handleRunFailure(context, var9, exceptionReporters, (SpringApplicationRunListeners) null ); throw new IllegalStateException (var9); } } }
==启动Servlet容器,再启动SpringBoot应用==
五、Docker 5.1 简介 Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎;是一个轻量级容器技术;
Docker支持将软件编译成一个镜像;然后在镜像中各种软件做好配置,将镜像发布出去,其他使用者可以直接使用这个镜像;
运行中的这个镜像称为容器,容器启动是非常快速的。
5.2 核心概念 docker主机(Host):安装了Docker程序的机器(Docker直接安装在操作系统之上);
docker客户端(Client):连接docker主机进行操作;
docker仓库(Registry):用来保存各种打包好的软件镜像;
docker镜像(Images):软件打包好的镜像;放在docker仓库中;
docker容器(Container):镜像启动后的实例称为一个容器;容器是独立运行的一个或一组应用
使用Docker的步骤:
1)安装Docker;
2)去Docker仓库找到这个软件对应的镜像;
3)使用Docker运行这个镜像,这个镜像就会生成一个Docker容器;
4)对容器的启动停止就是对软件的启动停止;
5.3 安装docker 5.3.1 安装Linux虚拟机 不介绍了;
5.3.2 在Linux上安装docker 步骤:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1、检查内核版本,必须是3.10及以上 uname -r 2、安装docker yum install docker 3、输入y确认安装 4、启动docker [root@localhost ~]## systemctl start docker [root@localhost ~]## docker -v Docker version 1.12.6, build 3e8e77d/1.12.6 5、开机启动docker [root@localhost ~]## systemctl enable docker Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service. 6、停止docker systemctl stop docker
5.3.3 启用国内镜像 1)编辑:/etc/docker/daemon.json
1 2 3 4 5 { "registry-mirrors" : [ "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn" ] }
2)重新启动docker服务
1 2 systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart docker
5.4 Docker常用命令&操作 5.4.1 镜像操作
操作
命令
说明
检索
docker search 关键字 eg:docker search redis
我们经常去docker hub上检索镜像的详细信息,如镜像的TAG。
拉取
docker pull 镜像名:tag
:tag是可选的,tag表示标签,多为软件的版本,默认是latest
列表
docker images
查看所有本地镜像
删除
docker rmi image-id
删除指定的本地镜像
https://hub.docker.com/
5.4.2 容器操作 软件镜像 —- 运行镜像 —- 产生一个容器;
步骤:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1、搜索镜像 [root@localhost ~]## docker search tomcat 2、拉取镜像 [root@localhost ~]## docker pull tomcat 3、根据镜像启动容器 docker run --name mytomcat -d tomcat:latest 4、docker ps 查看运行中的容器 5、 停止运行中的容器 docker stop 容器的id 6、查看所有的容器 docker ps -a 7、启动容器 docker start 容器id 8、删除一个容器 docker rm 容器id 9、启动一个做了端口映射的tomcat [root@localhost ~]## docker run -d -p 8888:8080 tomcat -d:后台运行 -p: 将主机的端口映射到容器的一个端口 主机端口:容器内部的端口 10、为了演示简单关闭了linux的防火墙 service firewalld status ;查看防火墙状态 service firewalld stop:关闭防火墙 11、查看容器的日志 docker logs container-name/container-id 更多命令参看 https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/ 可以参考每一个镜像的文档
5.4.3 安装MySQL示例 1 [root@VM_0_9_centos ~]## docker pull mysql
错误的启动
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 [root@VM_0_9_centos ~]## docker run --name mysql1 -d mysql c37ba254d14d1917dbac6743e2a40c61df9cd29ddabfdc7dc270665cdbade41c mysql退出了 [root@VM_0_9_centos ~]## docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c37ba254d14d mysql "docker-entrypoint..." About a minute ago Exited (1) About a minute ago mysql1 10ff331c3f42 tomcat "catalina.sh run" 10 minutes ago Up 10 minutes 0.0.0.0:8888->8080/tcp tomcat1 //错误日志 [root@VM_0_9_centos ~]## docker logs mysql1 2020-03-17 06:24:59+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.19-1debian10 started. 2020-03-17 06:24:59+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user 'mysql' 2020-03-17 06:25:00+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.19-1debian10 started. 2020-03-17 06:25:00+00:00 [ERROR] [Entrypoint]: Database is uninitialized and password option is not specified You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD;这个三个参数必须指定一个
正确的启动
1 2 3 4 5 [root@VM_0_9_centos ~]## docker run --name mysql01 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql b874c56bec49fb43024b3805ab51e9097da779f2f572c22c695305dedd684c5f [root@VM_0_9_centos ~]## docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b874c56bec49 mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 3306/tcp mysql01
做了端口映射
1 2 3 4 5 [root@VM_0_9_centos ~]## docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql02 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql ad10e4bc5c6a0f61cbad43898de71d366117d120e39db651844c0e73863b9434 [root@VM_0_9_centos ~]## docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES ad10e4bc5c6a mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 4 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp mysql02
几个其他的高级操作
1 2 3 4 5 6 docker run --name mysql03 -v /conf/mysql:/etc/mysql/conf.d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag 把主机的/conf/mysql文件夹挂载到 mysqldocker容器的/etc/mysql/conf.d文件夹里面 改mysql的配置文件就只需要把mysql配置文件放在自定义的文件夹下(/conf/mysql) docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci 指定mysql的一些配置参数
切入docker命令:
1 docker exec -it mysql1 bash
六、SpringBoot与数据访问 6.1 JDBC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency>
1 2 3 4 5 6 spring: datasource: username: root password: 123456 url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.15.22:3306/jdbc driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
效果:
默认是用class com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource作为数据源;
数据源的相关配置都在DataSourceProperties里面;
自动配置原理:
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc:
1、参考DataSourceConfiguration,根据配置创建数据源,默认使用hikari连接池;可以使用spring.datasource.type指定自定义的数据源类型;
2、SpringBoot默认可以支持;
1 2 3 com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource
3、自定义数据源类型
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(DataSource.class) @ConditionalOnProperty(name = "spring.datasource.type") static class Generic { @Bean DataSource dataSource (DataSourceProperties properties) { return properties.initializeDataSourceBuilder().build(); } }
4、DataSourceInitializer:ApplicationListener ;
作用:
1)、runSchemaScripts();运行建表语句;
2)、runDataScripts();运行插入数据的sql语句;
2.x版本需添加配置
1 2 3 spring: datasource: initialization-mode: always
默认只需要将文件命名为:
1 2 3 4 5 6 schema-*.sql、data-*.sql 默认规则:schema.sql,schema-all.sql; 可以使用 schema :- classpath:department.sql 指定位置
5、操作数据库:自动配置了JdbcTemplate操作数据库
6.2 整合Druid数据源 导入依赖
1 2 3 4 5 6 <dependency > <groupId > com.alibaba</groupId > <artifactId > druid</artifactId > <version > 1.1.20</version > </dependency >
配置文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource initialSize: 5 minIdle: 5 maxActive: 20 maxWait: 60000 timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000 minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000 validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL testWhileIdle: true testOnBorrow: false testOnReturn: false poolPreparedStatements: true filters: stat,wall,log4j2 maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20 useGlobalDataSourceStat: true connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=500
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 @Configuration public class DruidConfig { @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource") @Bean public DruidDataSource druid () { return new DruidDataSource (); } @Bean public ServletRegistrationBean statServlet () { ServletRegistrationBean<StatViewServlet> bean = new ServletRegistrationBean <>( new StatViewServlet (), "/druid/*" ); Map<String, String> initParams = new HashMap <>(); initParams.put("loginUsername" , "admin" ); initParams.put("loginPassword" , "123456" ); initParams.put("allow" , "" ); initParams.put("deny" , "" ); bean.setInitParameters(initParams); return bean; } @Bean public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter () { FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean (); bean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter ()); Map<String, String> initParams = new HashMap <>(); initParams.put("exclusions" , "*.js,*.css,/druid/*" ); bean.setInitParameters(initParams); bean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*" )); return bean; } }
6.3 整合MyBatis 1 2 3 4 5 6 <dependency > <groupId > org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId > <artifactId > mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId > <version > 2.1.2</version > </dependency >
步骤:
1)配置数据源相关属性(见上一节Druid)
2)给数据库建表
3)创建JavaBean
6.3.1 注解版 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 @Mapper public interface DepartmentMapper { @Select("select * from department where id = #{id}") Department getDeptById (Integer id) ; @Delete("delete form department where id = #{id}") int deleteDeptById (Integer id) ; @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "id") @Insert("insert into department(department_name) values(#{departmentName}) ") int insertDept (Department department) ; @Update("update department set department_name = #{departmentName} where id = #{id}") int updateDept (Department department) ; }
问题:
自定义MyBatis的配置规则;给容器中添加一个ConfigurationCustomizer;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 @org .springframework.context.annotation.Configurationpublic class MyBatisConfig { @Bean public ConfigurationCustomizer configurationCustomizer () { return new ConfigurationCustomizer () { @Override public void customize (Configuration configuration) { configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true ); } }; } }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 @MapperScan(value = "com.study.springboot.mapper") @org .springframework.context.annotation.Configurationpublic class MybatisConfig { @Bean public ConfigurationCustomizer configurationCustomizer () { return new ConfigurationCustomizer () { @Override public void customize (Configuration configuration) { configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true ); } }; } }
6.3.2 配置文件版 1 2 3 mybatis: config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml 指定全局配置文件的位置 mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml 指定sql映射文件的位置
更多使用参照
http://www.mybatis.org/spring-boot-starter/mybatis-spring-boot-autoconfigure/
6.4 整合SpringData JPA 6.4.1 SpringData简介
6.4.2 整合SpringData JPA JPA:ORM(Object Relational Mapping);
1)编写一个实体类(bean)和数据表进行映射,并且配置好映射关系;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 @Entity @Table(name = "tbl_user") public class User { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Integer id; @Column(name = "last_name", length = 50) private String lastName; @Column private String email; }
2)编写一个Dao接口来操作实体类对应的数据表(Repository);
1 2 3 4 public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository <User, Integer> {}
3)基本的配置JpaProperties;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 spring: jpa: hibernate: ddl-auto: update show-sql: true
七、启动配置原理 几个重要的事件回调机制
配置在META-INF/spring.factories
ApplicationContextInitializer
SpringApplicationRunListener
只需要放在ioc容器中
ApplicationRunner
CommandLineRunner
启动流程:
7.1 创建SpringApplication对象 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 public class Xx { public SpringApplication (ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class<?>... primarySources) { this .sources = new LinkedHashSet (); this .bannerMode = Mode.CONSOLE; this .logStartupInfo = true ; this .addCommandLineProperties = true ; this .addConversionService = true ; this .headless = true ; this .registerShutdownHook = true ; this .additionalProfiles = new HashSet (); this .isCustomEnvironment = false ; this .lazyInitialization = false ; this .resourceLoader = resourceLoader; Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null" ); this .primarySources = new LinkedHashSet (Arrays.asList(primarySources)); this .webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath(); this .setInitializers(this .getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class)); this .setListeners(this .getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class)); this .mainApplicationClass = this .deduceMainApplicationClass(); } }
7.2 运行run方法 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 public class Xx { public ConfigurableApplicationContext run (String... args) { StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch (); stopWatch.start(); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null ; Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList (); this .configureHeadlessProperty(); SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = this .getRunListeners(args); listeners.starting(); Collection exceptionReporters; try { ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments (args); ConfigurableEnvironment environment = this .prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments); this .configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment); Banner printedBanner = this .printBanner(environment); context = this .createApplicationContext(); exceptionReporters = this .getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class, new Class []{ConfigurableApplicationContext.class}, context); this .prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner); this .refreshContext(context); this .afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments); stopWatch.stop(); if (this .logStartupInfo) { (new StartupInfoLogger (this .mainApplicationClass)).logStarted( this .getApplicationLog(), stopWatch); } listeners.started(context); this .callRunners(context, applicationArguments); } catch (Throwable var10) { this .handleRunFailure(context, var10, exceptionReporters, listeners); throw new IllegalStateException (var10); } try { listeners.running(context); return context; } catch (Throwable var9) { this .handleRunFailure(context, var9, exceptionReporters, (SpringApplicationRunListeners) null ); throw new IllegalStateException (var9); } } }
7.3 事件监听机制 配置在META-INF/spring.factories
ApplicationContextInitializer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 public class HelloApplicationContextInitializer implements ApplicationContextInitializer <ConfigurableApplicationContext> { @Override public void initialize (ConfigurableApplicationContext configurableApplicationContext) { System.out.println( "ConfigurableApplicationContext...initialize... " + configurableApplicationContext); } }
SpringApplicationRunListener
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 public class HelloSpringApplicationRunListeners implements SpringApplicationRunListener { public HelloSpringApplicationRunListeners (SpringApplication application, String[] args) { } @Override public void starting () { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...starting..." ); } @Override public void environmentPrepared (ConfigurableEnvironment environment) { Object o = environment.getSystemProperties().get("os.name" ); System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...environmentPrepared... " + o); } @Override public void contextPrepared (ConfigurableApplicationContext context) { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...contextPrepared..." ); } @Override public void contextLoaded (ConfigurableApplicationContext context) { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...contextLoaded..." ); } @Override public void started (ConfigurableApplicationContext context) { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...started..." ); } @Override public void running (ConfigurableApplicationContext context) { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...running..." ); } @Override public void failed (ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception) { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...failed..." ); } }
配置(META-INF/spring.factories)
1 2 3 4 5 6 org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer =\ com.study.springboot.listener.HelloApplicationContextInitializer org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener =\ com.study.springboot.listener.HelloSpringApplicationRunListeners
只需要放在ioc容器中
ApplicationRunner
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 @Component public class HelloApplicationRunner implements ApplicationRunner { @Override public void run (ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception { System.out.println("ApplicationRunner...run..." ); } }
CommandLineRunner
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 @Component public class HelloCommandLineRunner implements CommandLineRunner { @Override public void run (String... args) throws Exception { System.out.println("CommandLineRunner...run... " + Arrays.asList(args)); } }
八、自定义starter starter:
1、这个场景需要使用到的依赖是什么?
2、如何编写自动配置?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 @Configuration //指定这个类是一个配置类 @ConditionalOnXXX //在指定条件成立的情况下自动配置类生效 @AutoConfigureAfter //指定自动配置类的顺序 @Bean //给容器中添加组件 @ConfigurationPropertie //结合相关xxxProperties类来绑定相关的配置 @EnableConfigurationProperties //让xxxProperties生效加入到容器中 自动配置类要能加载 将需要启动就加载的自动配置类,配置在META-INF/spring.factories org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
3、模式:
启动器只用来做依赖导入;
专门来写一个自动配置模块;
启动器依赖自动配置;别人只需要引入启动器(starter)
mybatis-spring-boot-starter;自定义启动器名-spring-boot-starter
步骤:
1)启动器模块
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <project xmlns ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > <modelVersion > 4.0.0</modelVersion > <groupId > com.study.starter</groupId > <artifactId > eutopia-spring-boot-starter</artifactId > <version > 1.0-SNAPSHOT</version > <dependencies > <dependency > <groupId > com.study.starter</groupId > <artifactId > eutopia-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</artifactId > <version > 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version > </dependency > </dependencies > </project >
2)自动配置模块
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <project xmlns ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > <modelVersion > 4.0.0</modelVersion > <parent > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId > <version > 2.2.5.RELEASE</version > <relativePath /> </parent > <groupId > com.study.starter</groupId > <artifactId > eutopia-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</artifactId > <version > 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version > <name > eutopia-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</name > <description > Demo project for Spring Boot</description > <properties > <java.version > 1.8</java.version > </properties > <dependencies > <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter</artifactId > </dependency > </dependencies > </project >
代码:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "eutopia.hello") public class HelloProperties { private String prefix; private String suffix; public String getPrefix () { return prefix; } public void setPrefix (String prefix) { this .prefix = prefix; } public String getSuffix () { return suffix; } public void setSuffix (String suffix) { this .suffix = suffix; } }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 public class HelloService { private HelloProperties helloProperties; public HelloProperties getHelloProperties () { return helloProperties; } public void setHelloProperties (HelloProperties helloProperties) { this .helloProperties = helloProperties; } public String sayHelloEutopia (String name) { return helloProperties.getPrefix() + "-" + name + "-" + helloProperties.getSuffix(); } }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 @Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication @EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class) public class HelloServiceAutoConfiguration { @Autowired HelloProperties helloProperties; @Bean public HelloService helloService () { HelloService helloService = new HelloService (); helloService.setHelloProperties(helloProperties); return helloService; } }
spring.factories
1 2 3 ## Auto Configure org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ com.study.starter.HelloServiceAutoConfiguration